China’s sponge cities alleviate urban flooding and water shortage: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - About one tenth of humans are impacted by water shortages around the globe. Water resilience is worsening under climate change because intensifying weather...     

生态认知对长江流域渔民退捕意愿的影响研究基于鄱阳湖区的调研数据

流域禁捕是贯彻落实长江经济带发展战略和"共抓大保护、不搞大开发"的重要举措.渔民作为禁捕政策的最终执行者和落实者,其参与的积极性和主动性是政策顺利实施和推进的重要保障.基于计划行为理论,利用鄱阳湖区实地调查数据和结构方程模型,探讨了生态认知对渔民退捕意愿的影响及作用机理.研究发现:(1)生态认知对渔民退捕意愿有显著正向影响,即渔民生态认知水平越高,其参与禁捕政策的意愿越强;(2)生态认知的主观规范、行为态度、感知行为控制3个维度均对渔民退捕意愿具有显著正向影响,且3个维度两两之间也存在显著正向影响.其中,主观规范对渔民退捕意愿的影响最为显著;(3)主观规范中指令性规范对渔民参与禁捕的带动作用大于示范性规范;行为态度受渔民对政府禁捕政策的心理预期、生态修复保护与经济发展的重要性对比认知的影响较大;感知行为控制主要受到禁捕政策对家庭生产生活的影响程度及渔民参与禁捕政策能力的影响.为此,应建立有效的监督管理体系,提高指令性规范对渔民退捕的带动和引导作用,提高渔民对长江流域生态保护重要性的认知,营造浓厚的流域生态保护及积极参与禁捕的社会氛围,同时,制定适宜的转产转业政策,且将相关政策、补偿等严格落实到每位参与退捕的渔民,增强渔民对政府的信任程度,进而提高渔民退捕意愿.     

长江中游滨岸带水体氨氮循环速率及影响因素

氨氮(NH_4~+)是大多数浮游生物优先利用的氮源,其在水体中的再生过程(REG)和潜在吸收过程(U_(pot))影响水体初级生产力和生物群落的生长。以长江为研究对象,采用同位素稀释法对长江中游滨岸带水体的NH_4~+循环速率进行研究。结果显示:长江中游滨岸带水体NH_4~+再生速率为0.12～1.62μmol/(L·h),潜在吸收速率为0.21～2.35μmol/(L·h),生物群落NH_4~+需求(CBAD)为0.08～0.75μmol/(L·h)。NH_4~+再生速率、潜在吸收速率和生物群落NH_4~+需求均随水流方向自宜昌至鄱阳湖湖口呈现显著的下降趋势(p0.05)。统计分析表明,化学需氧量(COD)(p0.01)和悬浮物浓度(SS)(p0.05)是影响长江中游水体NH_4~+循环速率的主要因素。长江中游水体NH_4~+再生速率占潜在吸收速率的43.1%～76.0%,均值为58.5±8.5%,表明NH_4~+再生是长江中游水体中生物群落NH_4~+吸收过程的主要NH_4~+来源。估算得到的NH_4~+再生量是长江中游水体TN负荷的2倍,表明水体NH_4~+再生在支持水体初级生产力和维持氮素内循环方面具有重要作用。     

中国省域森林公园旅游产业竞争力的时空演化特征及影响因素

分析我国各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力演变及其影响因素，有助于为处于不同发展阶段和不同发展水平的省份提供产业竞争力方面的指导。首先构建我国港澳台外31省（市、自治区）森林公园的旅游产业竞争力指标体系，然后计算各省旅游产业竞争力得分并分析其时空演变特征，最后采用分位数回归研究影响森林公园旅游产业竞争力空间差异的主要因素。结果表明：中国森林公园旅游产业平均竞争力值较低，区域差异较大，呈现东部向中西部递减的状态；2004~2014年期间西部各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力进步较小，主要原因是受到“短板效应”的制约，表现为西部各省在产业效益方面与东、中部省份存在较大差距；中国的森林公园存在东北和东南两个高层次旅游产业竞争力集聚中心，并存在逐渐向周边地区扩散，带动周边省份提升发展的趋势；回归表明，国家扶持力度、管理投入、资源禀赋、经济基础、品牌效应和交通便利性会在不同分位点上对各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力产生影响。森林公园旅游产业竞争力在不同分位点上影响因素的差异为有针对性的提高各地区竞争力提供了良好的参考。     

Road traffic injuries among riders of electric bike/electric moped in southern China

Objective: Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and potential risk factors of electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries among electric bike/moped riders in southern China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to interview 3,151 electric bike/moped riders in southern China. Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries that occurred from July 2014 to June 2015 were investigated. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews and analyzed between July 2015 and June 2017.

Results: The prevalence of electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries among the investigated riders was 15.99%. Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries were significantly associated with category of electric bike (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.82), self-reported confusion (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.13–2.78), history of crashes (AOR = 6.14, 95% CI, 4.68–8.07), running red lights (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI, 2.42–5.25), carrying children while riding (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI, 1.37–2.85), carrying adults while riding (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.23–2.28), riding in the motor lane (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI, 1.05–3.93), and riding in the wrong traffic direction (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.13–2.35). In over 77.58% of electric bike/moped-related road traffic crashes, riders were determined by the police to be responsible for the crash. Major crash-causing factors included violating traffic signals or signs, careless riding, speeding, and riding in the wrong lane.

Conclusion: Traffic safety related to electric bikes/moped is becoming more problematic with growing popularity compared with other 2-wheeled vehicles. Programs need to be developed to prevent electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries in this emerging country.     

水中总氮测定方法存在问题的研究及改进

碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法测定水中总氮采用的消解器皿是玻璃比色管,易造成空白偏高、结果偏低等问题。采用双圆柱状的消解杯对水样进行消解。结果表明,消解杯消解水中总氮,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.05 mg/L,相对标准偏差小于5%,相对误差为0.88%~1.00%;改进后的消解器皿具有较好的精密度和准确度,能够更加准确测定水中总氮的含量。     

京津冀地区一次污染过程的星载地基激光雷达联合观测分析

针对2018年3月9—15日京津冀地区的一次空气重污染过程,进行了基于地基颗粒物激光雷达组网的星载-地基联合观测分析。颗粒物激光雷达观测到污染前期为局地污染累积过程,中期有明显的污染物区域传输过程,北京受太行山沿线城市污染输送影响较大。风廓线激光雷达观测结果表明:此次污染过程近地面主要为偏南风且风力较弱,冷空气到来时风向转为较强东北风,导致污染消散。微波辐射计观测到保定在污染过程中出现持续6 d的逆温层,同时在污染过程中近地面相对湿度较高,逆温层被打破后污染开始消散。在污染过程的各个阶段中,污染团的空间分布与变化特征均被很好地反映出来,可见地天联合观测对污染物的累积与输送研究有较大的意义,能对京津冀及周边地区的大气污染联防联控提供有力支持。     

Preparation and Characterization of Collagens from the Skin of Northern Snakehead (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Channa argus)</Emphasis>

Channa argus, a type of snakehead fish native to China, is a popular food fish in certain Asian countries but is a known destructive invasive species in the US. In this study, the two collagens, i.e. acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC), were obtained from C. argus skin. The yield of ASC was 28.0% and that of PSC was 16.8% on the dry bases. The collagens were identified as the collagen of type I by SDS–PAGE patterns. The Tds were approximately 27.0?°C. Similar ultraviolet spectra of both collagens were observed. Fourier Transform infrared spectra indicated PSC structure had a little change due to the loss of terminal domains by pepsin digestion. The results of XRD proved that the two collagens retained their helical structures. The results suggest that the collagens isolated from C. argus can potentially be alternative sources of vertebrate collagens for use in the food and other industries.     

Effect of pressure and atmosphere during hydrothermal treatment on the properties of sewage sludge-derived solid fuel

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Efforts to improve the performance of hydrothermal treatment (HT) in producing high-quality solid fuel from sewage sludge were carried out by...     

对地级市空气自动监测多参数站建设的思考

阐述了地级市空气自动监测多参数站(超级站)建设的必要性,提出了统筹考虑、分期实施与突出重点、兼顾一般的建设思路,介绍了站房选址原则。指出超级站建设应以常规监测、霾监测、光化学烟雾监测、空间立体监测和源解析监测为目标,实施质量控制和质量保证手段,设置数据采集和显示平台,满足对大气复合污染的监测需求。